Protective effects of perfluorocarbon combined with ligustrazine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine in protecting the lungs against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHDS</b>Forty SD rats with ischemia-reperfusion lung injury were randomized equally into control, ligustrazine, perfluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon plus ligustrazine groups and received the corresponding treatment via the tail vein 5 min before reperfusion. The lung tissues were harvested and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected 3 h after reperfusion. The pathological changes and pathological scores of the lung tissues were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MDA and MPO levels were significantly lower and SOD activities significantly higher in the lung tissues in the 3 treatment groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The rats in the combined treatment group showed a significantly lower MPO level and a significantly higher SOD activity than those treated with ligustrazine or perfluorocarbon alone (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in TNF-α levels in the lung tissues among the 4 groups (P>0.05). The lung tissues in the control group showed obvious edema and exudation, and the tissues in ligustrazine and perfluorocarbon groups showed no edema but with a few red blood cells and exudation; no edema was found in the combined treatment group with only a small amount of exudation. The pathological scores differed significantly among the 4 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine, especially in combined use, can promote endogenous oxygen free radical scavenging, decrease peripheral blood proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibit neutrophils filtration in the lungs of rats with ischemia/reperfusion lung injury.</p>

Pharmacokinetics of a cisatracurium dose according to fat-free mass for anesthesia induction in morbidly obese patients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the pharmacokinetics of cisatracurium between normal weight patients and morbidly obese patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve obese ASA I-II patients (BMI≥35 kg/m) undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 12 normal weight ASA I-II patients (BMI of 18.5-24 kg/m) undergoing laparoscopic surgery were enrolled. The obese patients were given a cisatracurium dose of 0.15 mg/kg according to the fat-free mass (FFM), and the non-obese patients received a dose of 0.15 mg/kg according to the total body weight. Plasma concentrations of cisatracurium was monitored in the patients with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) before anesthetic induction and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, and 20 min after cisatracurium administration and the pharmacokinetic parameters were computed. SBP, DBP, HR, MAP, SpOand PetCOwere recorded before anesthetic induction (T) and at 1 min (T), 2 min (T), 4 min (T) after cisatracurium administration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those measured at T, SBP, DBP and MAP in the 2 groups were significantly decreased at the time points of T(P<0.05). Compared with the non-obese patients, the obese patients showed significantly increased Hct level (P<0.05). The total clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and distribution and elimination half-life of the drug were similar between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The plasma concentration of cisatracurium at Twas significantly decreased in the obese patients compared with that in the non-obese patients (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cisatracurium doses according to fat-free mass is clinically reasonable for inducing anesthesia in morbidly obese patients, but due to a prolonged muscle relax onset time, the timing of tracheal intubation should be delayed by 1-2 min.</p>

Status quo and factors influencing smoking cessation in cigarette smoking patients with coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status quo of smoking cessation and analyze factors influencing smoking cessation in cigarette smoking patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 350 smoking patients with CAD was surveyed by questionnaire, logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing smoking cessation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Incidence of smoking cessation was 57.1% (200/350) in this cohort. Patients were divided into two groups, the elderly (> 65 years old, n = 111) and the young group (≤ 65 years old, n = 239). The smoking cessation rate in the elderly group is significantly higher than in the young group (71.2% vs. 50.6%, P < 0.001). Aged patients and patients with high cultural level are easier to give up smoking. Logistic analysis showed that age ≤ 65 years old (OR = 2.336, P = 0.004), low cultural level (OR = 1.310, P = 0.028), PCI (OR = 0.261, P < 0.001), coronary artery bypass graft (OR = 0.107, P = 0.004), total family income > 4000 RMB/month (OR = 1.828, P = 0.003) are risk factors for failed smoking cessation. There are 76 patients smoking again in current smokers, most due to lack of self-control (76.3%). Compared to the elderly group, there is a higher proportion of smoking again due to the need of daily communication and work in the young group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We still need to raise the awareness of smoking cessation for smoking patients with CAD. Following factors should be focused for tobacco control in CAD patients: younger age, lower cultural level, not treated with PCI or CABG, patients with smoking family members, higher body mass index and higher total family income.</p>

Effect of hypervolemic hemodilution on C-reactive protein level in patients receiving spinal surgery / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels following acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) in patients undergoing spinal surgery and assess the safety of AHH in terms of postoperative infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients undergoing spinal operation were randomly assigned into observation group and control group (n=20). Each patient was infused 4 ml/kg/h lactated Ringers solution for maintenance of the total blood volume, and in the observation group, the patients received additional infusion of 4% gelofusine solution at the rate of 20 ml/kg/h 30 min before the operation. Venous blood samples were collected to monitor the hematocrit (Hct), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and hs-CRP before anesthesia (T0), 2 h after the beginning of the operation (T1), at the end of the operation (T2), and 24 h after the operation (T3).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After AHH, Hct decreased significantly at T1 as compared with that at T0 (P<0.05) and that of the control group (P<0.01), but showed no significant difference between the two groups at T2. PT and APTT showed significant changes at T1 compared with T0 (P<0.05) but within the normal range, and were similar between the two groups at T3. hs-CRP increased significantly in the two groups at T3 compared with that at T0 (P<0.05), and a significant difference was noted between the two groups (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AHH does not affect the hemodynamics and blood coagulation of the patients undergoing spinal surgery but causes a significant elevation of hs-CRP, suggesting an increased risk of postoperative infection.</p>

Stereological study of the placenta in parturients with different prophylactic measures for hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the optimal approach to the prevention of hypotension during cesarean section for the benefits of both the parturients and the newborns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty singleton full-term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated into two equal groups. For prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia, ephedrine or pre-anesthetic volume with Voluven was administered. The changes of blood pressure, heart rate, and Apgar scores of the newborns were monitored and recorded, and the umbilical arterial blood gas variables were compared between the two groups. The placental samples were collected and immunohistochemistry for CD34 was performed for stereological study of the placental villous capillaries.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The umbilical arterial PaCO(2), PaO(2) and Apgar scores showed no significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). The heart rate, incidence of hypotension and the lactic acid value were significantly higher, and the umbilical arterial pH significantly lower in ephedrine group than in the Voluven group (P>0.05). While the length density of the villous capillaries was comparable between the two groups (P>0.05), the volume density of the villous capillaries was significantly decreased in ephedrine group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pre-anesthetic volume expansion with Voluven can maintain stable hemodynamics during spinal anesthesia and also efficiently improve the tissue perfusion, microcirculation and uteroplacental blood flow, thus increasing the oxygen supply to the fetus.</p>

Inhalation of aerosolized perfluorocarbon combined with tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hemodynamics and pulmonary histopathology in a porcine model of acute lung injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of inhalation of aerosolized perfluorocarbon combined with tetramethylpyrazine on the hemodynamics and histopathology in a porcine model of acute lung injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Normal adult pigs were subjected to saline lavage of the bilateral lungs to induce acute lung injury and randomized subsequently into 3 groups for treatment with inhalation of perfluorocarbon, combined inhalation of perfluorocarbon and tetramethylpyrazine, or inhalation of tetramethylpyrazine. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), PetCO(2), mPAP, CVP and PAWP were recorded at different time points following the lung injury, and the lung tissues were sampled for histological observations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MAP, mPAP, CVP and PAWP all increased significantly in the 3 groups after acute lung injury. Interventions with combined tetramethylpyrazine and perfluorocarbon inhalation significantly improved these indices as compared with inhalation of tetramethylpyrazine or perfluorocarbon alone (P<0.05). The pulmonary pathology was the mildest in the combined inhalation group, and the most severe in tetramethylpyrazine group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined inhalation of perfluorocarbon and tetramethylpyrazine can effectively improve the oxygenation, reduce pulmonary arterial pressure?and ameliorate lung pathology in pigs with acute lung injury.</p>

Postoperative analgesic effect of parecoxib sodium in patients with posterior spinal surgery / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of parecoxib sodium in patients with posterior spinal surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into parecoxib sodium group and placebo group (n=40). All the patients received a single dose of m ml morphine (1.0 mg/ml) as the background analgesia immediately after the operation. The patients in parecoxib sodium group were given 40 mg parecoxib sodium intravenously, and those in the placebo group received an equivalent volume of saline instead, and at 24 and 48 h after the operation, the same dose was repeated. The visual analog pain score, patient satisfaction and adverse reactions were recorded after the administrations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the placebo group, the patients in parecoxib sodium group had significantly lowered VAS score at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the operation (P<0.05). No significant differences were noted in the patient satisfaction and adverse reactions between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Postoperative short-term use of parecoxib sodium can can provide good postoperative analgesic effect in patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery.</p>

Observation the electroporation of blood cells in vitro by scanning electron microscope / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe changes on cell membrane in blood cells after they were been electrified.@*METHODS@#Blood were electrified for 5, 10, 20, 30 s, 1 min respectively, and Scanning electron microscope was used to detect the changes on their cell membranes.@*RESULTS@#Pores were detected both on electrified erythrocytes and leukocytes with round or ellipse shapes. The erythrocytes often have one or more pores while the leukocytes often have more pores looked like cribble. The rates of perforated cells were increased with the prolonging time of electrification, 5 s with 6% and 1 min increased to 40%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Alternating current can cause the cell perforating, and the rates of perforated cell were increased with the prolonging time of electrification.

Experimental study of restiffening of the rigor mortis / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe changes of the length of sarcomere of rat when restiffening.@*METHODS@#We measured the length of sarcomere of quadriceps in 40 rats in different condition by scanning electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#The length of sarcomere of rigor mortis without destroy is obviously shorter than that of restiffening.@*CONCLUSION@#The length of sarcomere is negatively correlative to the intensity of rigor mortis. Measuring the length of sarcomere can determine the intensity of rigor mortis and provide evidence for estimation of time since death.